Philosophies of Punishment

A self-driving car hits a pedestrian. An algorithm denies someone a loan based on bias. A digital assistant gives medical advice that leads to serious harm. In each case, the human did not choose the harm inflicted. The system worked independently based on past data and patterns rather than specific instructions. When harm happens we instinctively ask who is responsible? Here do we ask the programmer, the company, or the user? Deeper questions lie beneath the surface than the